Pre-Eclampsia and Future Cardiovascular Risk Among Women A Review

Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death in the western world. Due to advancements in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, cardiovascular mortality has fallen in recent years. Previous studies have evaluated the impact of traditional risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia and smoking. However, limited studies have been conducted to evaluate sex discrepancies among patients with cardiovascular disease. Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem placentally mediated disease, which usually arises after 32 weeks of gestation and classically presents with hypertension and proteinuria. Pre-eclampsia affects 2% to 8% of all pregnancies worldwide and is often complicated by fetal growth restriction. Women with a history of pre-eclampsia are at increased risk of future cardiovascular complications. Therefore, this topic is of significance to the cardiovascular health of over 300 million women worldwide. The goal of this review is to determine the association of pre-eclampsia and future cardiovascular risk and to explore the potential management options for these high-risk women

Use of Bivalirudin for Anticoagulation in Interventional Cardiovascular Procedures

Anticoagulation is imperative to reduce the incidence of thrombotic complications in patients undergoing percutaneous interventional cardiovascular procedures; however, this is at the expense of increased risk of bleeding. The optimal anticoagulation strategy for these procedures remains unclear. Unfractionated heparin is the most commonly used anticoagulant during interventional procedures, but has several limitations, such as relatively high incidence of bleeding events, occurrence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and a paradoxical thrombotic effect. Contemporary studies have demonstrated that bivalirudin decreases the occurrence of bleeding complications, but potentially increases the risk of acute stent thrombosis. This review discusses the pharmacology of bivalirudin and its current clinical application in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedures

TWILIGHT: A Randomized Trial of Ticagrelor Monotherapy Versus Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin Beginning at 3 Months in High-risk Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

A P2Y12 inhibitor-based monotherapy after a short period of dual antiplatelet therapy is emerging as a plausible strategy to decrease bleeding events in high-risk patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention. Ticagrelor With Aspirin or Alone in High-Risk Patients After Coronary Intervention (TWILIGHT), a randomized double-blind trial, tested this approach by dropping aspirin at 3 months and continuing with ticagrelor monotherapy for an additional 12 months. The study enrolled 9,006 patients, of whom 7,119 who tolerated 3 months of dual antiplatelet therapy were randomized after 3 months into two arms: ticagrelor plus placebo and ticagrelor plus aspirin. The primary endpoint of interest, Bleeding Academic Research Consortium type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding, occurred less frequently in the experimental arm (HR 0.56; 95% CI [0.45–0.68]; p<0.001), whereas the secondary endpoint of ischemic events was similar between the two arms (HR 0.99; 95% CI [0.78–1.25]). Transition from dual antiplatelet therapy consisting of ticagrelor plus aspirin to ticagrelor-based monotherapy in high-risk patients at 3 months after percutaneous coronary intervention resulted in a lower risk of bleeding events without an increase in risk of death, MI, or stroke

Randomized comparison between 3-month Cre8 DES vs. 1-month Vision/Multilink8 BMS neointimal coverage assessed by OCT evaluation: The DEMONSTRATE study

AbstractBackgroundIt has been hypothesized that incomplete endothelialization and delayed vascular healing may trigger stent thrombosis events after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. We aimed to demonstrate non-inferiority in terms of neointimal coverage of novel Cre8 DES at 3months, compared to Vision/Multilink8 Bare Metal Stent (BMS) at 1month.MethodsThe ranDomizEd coMparisOn betweeN novel Cre8 DES and BMS to assess neoinTimal coveRAge by OCT Evaluation (DEMONSTRATE) was a multicenter, randomized, parallel group study. Thirty-eight patients undergoing angioplasty of de-novo coronary lesion were randomized to Cre8 (19) or Vision/Multilink8 (19) stent placement at 6 OCT-experienced centers. Primary end-point was the Ratio of Uncovered to Total Stent Struts Per Cross Section (RUTTS) score of <30%, determined by OCT at 3 and 1months for Cre8 and Vision/Multilink8, respectively. Percentage of uncovered/malapposed stent struts, neointimal growth and thickness were the main secondary end-points.ResultsThe primary end-point of RUTTS score <30% occurred in 99.8% (899/901) of Cre8 struts and in 99.6% (1116/1121) of Vision/Multilink8 struts (difference 0.2, CI 95% −0.2 to 0.6, p for noninferiority <0.001). The percentage of uncovered/malapposed struts was comparable (0.36±0.64 vs. 0.12±0.24, p=0.145) in the two study groups, while both neointimal percentage area (8.46±5.29 vs. 19.84±15.93, p<0.001) and thickness (0.07±0.04 vs. 0.16±0.12, p<0.001) were significantly reduced by Cre8 stent.ConclusionsThe Cre8 DES at 3months has comparable strut coverage to Vision/Multilink8 BMS at 1month while preserving a greater efficacy in neo-intima formation reduction. Further studies to assess clinical implication of these Cre8 characteristics are warranted